Slave trade from west africa to the muslim world book

List of books and articles about slave trade online. By 1471, portuguese navigators hoping to tap the fabled saharan gold trade had reconnoitered the west african coast as far as the niger delta, and traded european commodities for local crafts as well as slaves, the latter which turned out to be highly lucrative. From a muslim perspective, the slave trade destroyed trading patterns in the maghrib, enslaved many muslims both in west and east africa, marginalized west asia by circumventing its trade routes, and ultimately led to its colonization. What was worse, the arab or transatlantic slave trade. The crossing could last up to three months with a high mortality rate due to the dire conditions of the trip.

The slave trade was a filter process, slaves from the interior of africa were progressively traded towards coastal c. The arab presence in subsaharan africa part 1 the arab slave trade in africa occupying the vast intercontinental space between africa, europe, persia, and india, the arab world came to. Discover delightful childrens books with prime book box, a subscription that delivers new books every 1, 2, or 3 months new customers receive 15% off your. This is by no means the first work of synthesis on the atlantic slave trade, but it is the first to be published. The islamic trade in european slaves israel islam and. Slavery and slave markets remained strong in subsaharan africa, as local warfare and slave raiding continued to enslave large numbers of men, women, and children. This population, while divided into numerous ethnic, linguistic, and political. Muslim rulers in africa justified enslavement with the muslim belief that non. The arab slave trade typically dealt in the sale of castrated male slaves.

African slaves in the arab world posted gmt 1032006 14. Slaves were used more intensively than ever within africa. Servants of allah is the first book to examine the role of islam in the lives of both individual practitioners and in the. Great britain had passed antislavetrade laws in 1807 and 1811. Liverpool was the main port supplying the lancashire, cheshire and yorkshire cotton mills. Muslim pirates had of course raided southern europe continuously from bases in north africa from the seventh century, but things took a turn for the worse in the sixteenth century when the whole of north africa came under the suzerainty of the ottoman. The atlantic slave trade developed after trade contacts were established between the old world afroeurasia and the new world the americas. Slavery has historically been widespread in africa, and still continues today in some countries systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of africa, as they were in much of the ancient world. In 1450, a west african population of perhaps 20 to 25 persons million lived in relative stability. In most regions, it was a relatively minor institution. The arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the arab world, mainly in western asia, north africa, east africa, and certain parts of europe such as iberia and sicily during their period of domination by arab leaders. Slave trade in the arab world between the 7th and 20th centuries. Thus he has successfullyand literallybreached the world of the sahara as an ecological and academic terra incognita.

The slave trade and the african diaspora chapter 6 the. The main reason for this support by liverpool was the importance of the trade in slavegrown cotton from the southern confederate states. Much of the population believes that the white man started slavery in africa a few centuries ago. European traders often defined west africa more narrowly as the. The third theatre of ottoman slaveraiding against europe was the mediterranean and atlantic coasts of the continent. For three hundred and fifty years, muslim men, women, and children, victims of the general insecurity that the atlantic slave trade and the politicoreligious conflicts in west africa fostered, were sold in the new world. In later years the slave trade was conducted on the east coast of africa, the market being in muslim lands. The slave trade from west africa to the muslim world a was abolished once the inhabitants converted to islam. See more ideas about africa, african history and black history. It is important to understand the process and that it developed and changed over hundreds of years. The subsaharan slave trade and castration of young boys, more than half of whom did not survive the procedure, continued for several years even. Some recent thinking on slavery in islamic africa and the.

Slavery and slave trade in west africa, 14501930 patrick manning. Philip curtin, a leading authority on the african slave trade, estimates that roughly 6. The transatlantic slave trade religious literacy project. The black people brought here from west africa were muslim. Yet it was the influence of the european enlightenment as well as new christian thinking on the issue of slavery that led to its decline in the modern west. Slavery in africa whether slavery existed within subsaharan african iron age kingdoms before the arrival of europeans is hotly contested among african studies scholars. In many african societies where slavery was prevalent, the enslaved people were not treated as chattel slaves and were given certain rights in a system similar to indentured.

The saharan slave trade forms one side of what can be termed the quadrilateral trade connecting west africa, the sahara, north africa and the ottomanmediterranean world. Love this site, but this is not a list on the african slave trade, it is a list of books about slavery. Citing his book the veiled genocide as a source, american thinker writes that while the western slave trade over two and a half centuries may have been an attack. A study of the littleknown slave trade in the islamic world. Slavery and abolition in islamic africa, 17761905 chapter 15. Slavery in the arab world has rarely been made the topic of research and publications within reach of the general public. Law, robin, the slave coast of west africa, 15501750. This masterful work builds on and partially overlaps john thorntons africa and africans in the making of the atlantic world, 14001800 and edward william bovills the golden trade of the moors. Recalling africas harrowing tale of its first slavers. Black boys between the age of 8 and 12 had their scrotums and penises completely amputated to. David livingstone while travelling in the african great lakes region in 1866 described a trail of slaves as such. D rivaled the transatlantic slave trade in numbers and brutality.

I wrote this book to enlighten people of the historic role the arab muslim world has played and continues to play in slavery. In the new world, the institution of slavery assumed a new aspect when the mercantilist system demanded a permanent, identifiable, and plentiful labor supply. People traded were not limited to a certain race, ethnicity, or. It is estimated by serious studies that close to 15 million blacks were taken as slaves in the arabomuslim slave trade when as many as two thirds died or during travel or not long after arrival. Historians estimate that between 650 and 1900, 10 to 18 million peoples were enslaved by arab slave traders and taken from africa. Slavery in the muslim world first developed out of the slavery practices of pre islamic arabia, and was at times radically different, depending on socialpolitical. Davis estimates that slave traders from tunis, algiers, and tripoli alone enslaved 1 million to 1. The importance of the atlantic slave trade decreased as the industrial revolution gathered momentum. The transatlantic slave trade began in the late 15th century in nigeria. However, the spread of the islamic empire resulted in a much harsher interpretation of the law. The arab slave trade is an exaggeration depending on the narrative being told. This muslim invasion reintroduced much of the knowledge of the ancient world to europe and linked it much more closely with north and west africa. The spread of islam into africa during the seventh century, however, ushered in an increase in slavery and the slave trade.

Slavery in africa slavery had existed in africa for centuries. The quran prescribes a humanitarian approach to slavery. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. One can ask, too, whether there is truth in the offrepeated claim that the portuguese treated their slaves better in the middle passage. In west africa, the arab slave trade encompassed a vast region from the niger valley to the gulf of guinea. For centuries, tidal currents had made ocean travel particularly difficult and risky for the ships that were then available, and as such there had been very little, if any, maritime contact between the peoples living in these. Gordon murray underpins the fundamental differences of slave trade through the sahara and over the indian ocean when compared to the more widely known facts of transatlantic slavetrade. West african slave trade the west african slave trade was a global event that focused on west africa. The arab slave trade is the intersection of slavery and trade surrounding the arab world and indian ocean, mainly in western and central asia, northern and. Despite the explosion in work on african american and religious history, little is known about black muslims who came to america as slaves. Although the muslim struggle in west africa did not succeed in stopping the slave trade, which was purposefully being fueled by the english and the french through arms and funds to conflicting parties so they could harvest prisoners as slaves, it did, however, result in islam becoming the dominant religion of west africa by the 19th century.

Transsaharan slave trade history of world civilization ii. Thus, the slow decline of the transatlantic slave trade coincided with the most intensive use of slaves within africa. The impact of the atlantic slave trade on an african society oxford university press, 1991. It was an event that forced 15, 000, 000 people into slavery for a lifetime.

There is no way to tell which one was worse when slavery in general is a terrible system. While talking about the slave trade in east africa in his journals, to overdraw its evil is a simple impossibility. The upshot of this gender profile of the respective slaveclasses in the atlanticnew world and the araboriental world explains the large and visible population of african origin in the new world where sexual relations between white and black was the exception while in the arab world where miscegenation was the practice, the slave trade has. Although slavery has been practiced for almost the whole of recorded history, the vast numbers involved in the african slave trade has left a legacy which cannot be ignored. There are 500 million muslims in africa, and it is better to blame the west than talk. After centuries of providing slaves for export, many african political economies centered on enslavement and had come to employ slaves. The slave trade by hugh thomas after many years of research. It was the sale and ownership of another human being that was put into slavery. B existed before the arrival of islam but was expanded over the centuries. It was gold from the great empires of west africa, such as ghana, mali and songhay, which provided the means for the economic take off of europe in the th and 14th centuries and aroused the.

While west africans made up the vast majority of the enslaved, the east coast of africa, too, supplied slaves for the trade. It still exists, despite laws to the contrary, in some societies around the world. The arab muslim slave trade of africans, the untold story. By the 19th century, the arab slave trade in africa was firmly established politically, socially and culturally, and an important part of the economy for much of west africa to the indian ocean. The silence about black slavery in the arab world david. The west, the muslim world, and slavery andrew holt, ph. The main routes of the arab slave trade in africa in the middle ages prior to the atlantic slave trade, which began in the late 15th century and focused more on the west coast of africa. White slavery in the mediterranean, the barbary coast and italy, 15001800, ohio state university history professor robert davis states that most modern historians minimize the white slave trade. The slave trade book by hugh thomas official publisher.